Bioethanol is a renewable energy source that has a crucial role to play in boosting economic and environmental sustainability in developing countries. As this publication explains, the ethanol economy has the potential to relieve rural poverty, increase agricultural productivity, boost local and national economic growth, generate employment, save lives through sustainable clean cooking for households, promote equality, and bring about meaningful reductions in greenhouse gas emissions. As a clean-burning fuel, ethanol can replace fossil fuels in whole or in part for use in vehicles and in household cooking.